Extrusion press



Sept. 29, 1931. F; 'SWGER' I 1,825,017

EX'TRUSION PRESS Filed Aug. 25, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet l Sept. 29, 1931.

F. SINGER EXTRUS ION PRESS 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 25, 1930 Sept. 29, 1931. SINGER 1,825,017

EXTRUSION PRESS Filed Aug. 25,. 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Sept. 29 1931. SINGER 1,825,017

EXTRUSION PRES S Filed Aug. 25. 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 4- Sept. 29, 1931. F. SINGER EXTRUSIQN PRESS I Filed Aug. 25, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 VVVVVV 5:: A

II I.

F. SINGER Sept. 29, 1931.

EXTRUS ION PRESS 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Aug. 25, 1930 xxxxxx E.

Patented. Se t. 29, "1931, w

UNITED STATES PATENT orl-ica FRITZ SINGER, OI N'UBEMBEB-G, p

n xrnusron rnnss Application flied August 25, 1980, Serial No. 477,567, and in Germany April 8, 1988.

This invention relates to, extrusion presses, and with regard to certain more specific features, to mechanically driven extrusion presses for producing solid and hollow articles, such as bars, seamless tubes and the like.

Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the provision of means in which a containena matrix die and a billet on one hand, and a relatively movable punch and mandrel on the other hand, move to-.

ward one another.

Among other objects of the invention may continues its absolute movement so that it' mayefi'ect the roper extruding operation.

Another object of the invention. is to cause the tool which effects extruding to be operated by a main driving apparatus of the press while the counter-tool is moved by means of a secondary driving means connected with and controlled by said main 4 driving means.

Another object is to effect a quick application of a container to the punch-to close the billet in the container, this bein done at relatively low mechanical eflect ut at high speed, primarily by means of said secondary drive; then piercing with a mandrel" under a higher mechanical effect through said secondary drive but preventing an exdrive and finally causing extrusion by the punch at a high mechanical effect, the movement of the punch in this phase of the stroke being efl'ected entirely by said main drive.-

Another object of the invention is to permit the utilization of a greater part of the press stroke than has ,been heretofore utilized where only one tool was moved.

Another object is to effect said'greater use of the press stroke without utilizing the whole stroke.

Other objects will be in part in part pointed out hereinafter.

4 The invention accordingly comprises theelements and combinations of elements, features of construction, and arrangements of parts which will be exemplified in the structure hereinafter described, and the the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which is illustrated two of various possible embodiments of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a front elevation showing a press.

in an initial position;

Fig. 2 is a left side elevation of Fig. 1,

parts being shown in section for purposes of clarity;

.Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on line obvious and scope of v 3-3 of Fig. 1, showingthe press in said initial position;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but shoW- ing the position of parts subsequent to a piercing operation and prior to an extruding operation;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing the position of the press as extrusion is completed;

Fig. 6 is a front elevation of a modified form of the invention shown in an initial position;

- Fig. 7 is a cross section taken on line 7-7 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7 except that the press is shown in a working position after piercing and just prior to extruding; and, v

Fig. 9 is a view similanto Fig. 7 showing the press after extrusion has been effected.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Referring now more particularly. to Fig. 1, there is illustrated at numeral 1, a press frame in the upper end of which is rotat ably borne a crank shaft 3 formed with a center crank 5 and suitably driven from an outside source of power. The crank 5 is engaged at its crank pin by an adjustable connecting rod 7 which in turn is coupled,

= upwardly some distance,

tive movement provided between these two .matrix die 31, said matrix by means of a ball and socket joint 9, to a slidable crosshead 11. The crosshead 11 has fastened thereto and carries a longitudinally extending mandrel 13. Because of this function of the crosshead 11, it will be referred to hereinafter as the mandrel carrier 11.

The mandrel carrier 11, in its function as a crosshead, is longitudinally slidable in a.

freely movably punch carrier 15, the latter being longitudinally slidable in said frame 1. The movement of the mandrel carrier 11 is limited in the punch carrier 15 by direct contact between the two at a certain phase of the forward stroke and by contact by the carrier 11 with an abutment 17 a. certain phase of the back stroke. Thus the unch carrier 15 is gravitationally suspende from the mandrel carrier 11 but" can be pushed because of the relamembers 11, 15.

At its lower end, the unch carrier 15 supports a punch 19 whic as will be seen later, serves billet enclosing and extruding purposes. This punch is interiorly provided with a hole 21 to provide a slidable bearing for the mandrel 13. The mandrel 13 and punch 19 comprise in effect a forming tool cooperating with elements to be described.

From the above it will be seen that the construction so far described comprises a frame 1 with a cooperating slider-crank mechanism 3, 5, 7, 11 and 15, said mechanism sliders 11 15. The eleto as the main or primary dri-vin means. As long as the slider 15 hangs rom the slider 11 at the abutment 17, there is no relative motion between these parts. Their absolute movements with respect to frame 1 are the same.

However, I provide means herein for not only controlling the punch carrier 15 from the mandrel carrier'll during part ofits movement, but I also .provide means for controlling it from another point by means of a secondary driving means. With the same secondary drive, I controlthe movement of a billet container 23. The billet container 23 is supported u on a matrix die carrier 25, the latter beln mounted for longitudinal movement in said frame 1 beneath and in substantially the same axis as the punch carrier 15. The container 23 has an opening 27 therein for accommodating a heated billet 29, at the lower end of which opening is located a die 31 also being supported on the matrix carrier 25. The matrix die 31 has an outlet 33 which is somewhat larger in bore than the diameter of the mandrel 13, the thickness pipe being determined by the difference in a cam mechanism should,

of the extruded these dimensions. 6 An opening 35 in the carrier 25 accommodates exit of the extruded tubing (see Fig. 5) as does also .an opening 37 in the bed'39 of the frame 1.

wardly and join a connecting rod 53 at a joint 55. The connecting rod 53 is vertically slidable in an outside bearing 57 and carries at its upper end a cap 59. This cap has a suitable opening 61 permitting reciprocation over an extension 63 of the crank shaft 3.

Said extension 63 of the crank shaft 3 carries a cam 65 which bears upon'oppo sitely disposed roll followers 67 rotatably fastened by pins 69 to the cap 59. There is thus effected a positive-motion cam mechanism driven from the same source as the main drive for the purpose of reciprocating the connecting rod 53, said rod 53 in turn controlling the described toggle linkage so that it moves from the position of Fig. 3 to the position of Fig. 4. This movement occurs once per revolution of the crank, because the cam 65 is of the single lobe type.

The cam has a rising portion 71 subtending an angle of 60 for driving down the rod 53, a raised constant radius portion 73 subtending an angle of 120 for holding down the connecting rod 53 and providing the position of the toggle linkage shown in Fig. 4, I a descending portion 75 subtending an angle of 60, and a lower, constant radius portion 77 subtending an angle of 120. Inasmuch as the cam mechanism is of the positive-motion type, the connecting rod 53 is positively reciprocated, independently of gravity, and thus the toggle links 41, 43 may be definitely dead centered, as shown in Fig. 4, and still be readily re- 0 ened. The limiting stops 79 which are e ective at dead center of the toggles cause the toggles to function as columns and 'result in taking the strain of the extruding operation off the cam mechanism, as will be seen later. This is of advantage, because if possible, be relieved of excessive forces. 1

The 0 ration of this form of the press is as fol ows:

3, the heated metal billet 29 is inserted into the opening 27. ,The cam is then in the position shown in said Figs. 1 to 3 and the ollower cap 59 is in its uppermost position and about to descend.

The press is then set to work, the crank shaft 3 being driven from said suitable outside source. As the crank 3 and the cam 65 are turned through an angle of substantially 60 (clockwise, Fig. 2; counterclock wise, Fig. 3), the mandrel carrier 11 makes only a small part of its downward movement, whereas the billet container 23 and the matrix die 31 are forced upwardly through a complete stroke, whereby the piercing of the billet 29 is eflected primarily by the upward movement of the matrix carrier 25 and to a lesser degree by the downward movement of the mandrel 13 (Fig. 4).

It will be seen that during the upward stroke of the matrix carrier 25 from the Fig. 3 position to the Fig. 4 position, the punch 19 has been engaged by the billet 29 in the container 23, thus stripping the punch 19 back from the mandrel 13, said mandrel at this time entering the billet 29. The stripping action of the punch 19 from the mandrel 13 is permitted by the provision for said relative movement between the punch carrier 15 and the mandrel carrier 11. Immediately prior to the event of Fig. 4, the swelling action of the billet, caused by piercing, aids in and/or effects raising of the carrier 15.

It will be noted that the angularly located toggles 41, 43 are in a position of low mechanical effect as the upward stroke of the container 23 is started (Fig. 3), but as a result of this, the upward movement is exceedingly rapid. This is desirable, because time is gained during the low-load period when no piercing or extrusion takes place. Then as the toggles straighten out into their positions of-hi hest mechanical effect (Fig.4), the spec of the raising action on the carrier 25 decreases and the actual work of piercing is done at a better mechanical efit'ect. By means of the initial quick action of the toggles, I am enabled to prevent excessive cooling of the hot billet and extrude it under optimum conditions of heat The position of the cam when the toggles are straightened may be seen in Fig. 4, this figure also showing the cap 59 in lowermost position and the carrier 25 with its matrix die 31 supported on the toggle columns for sustaining the on coming force due to extrusion, without transmitting that force back to the cammechanism.

Upon further movement of the crank from the 60 position referred to above, the

, mandrel carrier 11 continues its descent, ac-

celerating according to the "law of simple harmonic motion, modified according to the ratio between the length of the rod7 andthrow of the crank 5. The carrier 11 proceeds from the Fig. 4 position to drive the punch carrier 15 downwardly (which at this time is supported by the punch 19-on the hot billet 29), so that the punch ex trudes the billet through the opening 33 and around the mandrel 13 as a tube. During this portion of the stroke, because of the constant diameter of the cam 65, the fixed position of the matrix die 31 is not altered. It is held rigidly in place with the toggle columns 41, 43 (see Figs. 4 and 5). The extruding action is accomplished over the most advantageous conditions of speed, ac-

celeration and deceleration which are offe'red by the simple slider-crank mecha-' nism.

After the extruded tube 81 has been formed lower, thus drawing down the matrix carrier 25 by means of the toggle linkage41, 43. At the same time the slider-crank mechanism draws up the mandrel carrier 11in the punch carrier 15 until said man- (Fig. 5), the cam raises its f0l- It will be understood that if it is desired to extrude a .rod, it is only necessary to remove the mandrel, or at least its effective part, and proceed as before.

I am aware that full-stroke, crank presses have been used, but-it is not desirable to use the full stroke, because the delay in the initiating of the flowing process and the low extruding speed at the beginning of the extrusion process (both connected with the use of the full stroke) causes serious drawbacks which detract from the advantages gained. The law of motion of a crank press is such that at the beginning of the movement of the crank the motion of the punch sets. in

very slowly. Further there are retardations in the initiating of the flowing of the metal,

because the whole frame of the press must be first brought up to the full working tension, and because the billet does not completely fill up the container, even after the billet is pressed uponand is pierced. Furthermore, that portion of the billet which forms the first extruded part of the tube,

that is, the'edge of the tube formed by the surface of the billet which faces the matrix die, comprises a critical cooling zone; and

. any retardation infoperation at the start of the stroke will manifest itself in. increased cooling, which is detrimental. This cooling will have more "disadvantageous effects, the higher is thetemperature at-which the billet is to be worked. The present invention ex-- trudes the first and other parts of the tube with the least possible delay.- I

Further advantages are" that the punch carrier which is arranged to slide'toward the'ma'ndrel carrier permits of the punch 65 is set down pressing on the billet within the 'container' prior to piercing. Then during the piercing operation the mandrel is guided by the .punch and the billet is maintained under 1; pressure by the weight of the punch and the punch carrier. Furthermore, during the extruding operation, the mandrel moves with the punch carrier so that the relative motion between the extruded metal and the mandrel is reduced.

In Figs. 6 to 9 is shown a modified form of the invention comprising what may be termed a kinematic inversion, because the slider-crank mechanism operates the matrix carrier and the cam mechanism operates the punch and mandrel carriers.

In this form, numeral 85 represents the frame of the machine. The crank shaft 87 carries side cranks 89 near its ends and is coupled with the matrix carrier 91 by means of connectin rods 93. The matrix. carrier 91 slides in t e frame 85. Numeral 23 indi cates the billet container, as in the first-described form, and numerals 29 and '31, the

g5 billet and matrix die respectively.

The cam 65 is keyed centrally to the crank shaft Within the frame 85 and operates upon followers 67 arranged in a cap 59. It will be noted that this arrangement is similar to 30 the one described in connection with the other. form of the invention, a difierencebe ing that it is located centrally on the shaft. The cap 59 is provided with a suitable'opening 95 for accommodating motion around 1 the crank shaft 87. I

The cap 59 directly drives the mandrel carrier .97 which is slidable in the frame 85.

Su'spended from. the mandrel carrier 97 is the punch carrier99 which carries thepunc 4 19. As in the other form, the mandrel 13' extends downwardly from the mandrel carrier 97? and passes through the punch 19."= t ain 23 The bolts 101 whichv support the'punch' carrier 99 are threaded in said punch carrier 99 rier 97, the heads 103 of said bolts 101 forminglimiting stops tolimit the relative move,- -ment between the punch and mandrel carriers 99, 97.

as follows: v

After inserting the heated billet 29, the cam is in the position shown in F 6.and 7, the cranks extending .downwar y. During the, first phase of the stroke, proceeding from the Fig. 7 to the Fig. 8 position, the cam causes "the punch and mandrel carriers to quickly descend. The matrix carrier, together with the container and billet, is 'moved upwardly by the crank mechanism, but this movement starts out more f or less slowly, so that mostof the absolute movement provided by the cam mechanism. During this first phase the punch 19 on the billet 29 to function as and pass slidably through the mandrel car- Theoperation of the alternative form is 9 down to the punch carrier 99 so that the mandrel 13 effects its piercing operation (see Fi 8). 7 Ft will be appreciated that during the piercing movement of the mandrel 13 there is an accelerated upwardly movement of the matrix carrier with its container and ,billet. During this operation the punch carrier for a short period of time stands still, because there is some compression which takes place as its weight is applied to the billet 29. The rising metal caused by displacement due to piercing efiects a backward movement of the punch carrier 99 just prior to its touching the mandrel carrier. Upon the third phase of'the stroke (Fig. 9) the mandrel carrier 97 and punch carrier 99 remains stationary'while the matrix carrier 91 continues its upward movement so comprising the toggle links are eliminated.

In this form, however, the thrust of the extruding pressure is exerted upon the cam mechanism.

described includes two me bers adapted to It will be seen that the invention above axis and to be moved in 'rections opposite to each other, one of said members carrying a male die, referred to hereinbefore as the punch 19, and the other a female die, hereinbefore referred to as the matrix die 31 and The term mechanical extrusion press is used herein to differentiate from hydraulic and similar fluid-o erated presses.

In view of the a ve, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are ,achieved and other advantageous results attained. H

As many changes could be made in carrylie . ing out the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it

is intended that all matter contained in the.

above description or shown in the accom-' panying drawings shall be interpreted as il-' lustrative and not'in a limiting sense.

I claim: I 1. A mechanical extrusion press-comprising two members mounted for opposed movement, an extruding die on one 0 said members and means cooperating with said die to 'extrude therefrom located on the other of said members and mechanical driv-- ing means adapted to move said'members simultaneously at different speeds.

2. An extrusion press comprising two members adapted to reciprocate in substantially the same axis and to be moved in di rections opposite to each other alternately 5 to bring said members into and out of con: tact, a male die secured on one of said memhere, a female die mounted on the other member, and mechanical driving means adapted to operate said members simulta- 1 neously but with different speeds, and to stopone of said members during the extruding stroke.

3. An extrusion press comprising two members adapted to reciprocate in substan- 5 tially the same axis and to be. moved in directions opposite to each other, a male die secured on one of said members, a female die mounted on the othermember, a primary mechanical means for moving one of said -meinbers throughout the whole stroke, and a secondary means adapted to move the other member substantially but with a speed different-from that effected by'the primary means and during only a part of the stroke.

2551 4. An "extrusion press comprising two members adapted to reciprocate in substantially the same axis and to be moved in directions oppositeto each other, a male die secured on one of said members, a female die mounted on the other member, a primary mechanical means for operating one of said members throughout the whole" stroke, and a secondary means adapted to operate the other member simultaneously but with .a speed different from that effected by the primary means andduring only a part of the stroke, said secondary means de-.

riving movement and being controlled from the driving element of the primary driving 40 means.

5, An extrusion .press comprising a reciprocating member, a crank mechanism for operating said member throughout a complete stroke, a tool arranged on said member, a cam mechanism driven fromsaid crank mechanism, a slidable carrier, a die on said slidable carrier and means for transmitting the movement'of said cam mechanism to said die carrier to move the latter in a direction opposite to-the movement of said reciprocat ing member. p Y

6. In an e xtrusion press, a to gle linkage, a reciprocating member, a cra mechanism .for operating said member throughout the whole stroke, a male die arranged on said member, a cam secured on the crank shaft of said crank mechanism, a follower for said cam, a female diecarrier adapted to beslid in substantially the same axis as the first T-named reciprocating member but in a direction opposite to that of said first reciprocatmember, a-rod having one end which is secured to said follower and the other end of which is coupled to the toggle linkage,

if said toggle linkage being adapted to straightened by the downward movement of i said follower, thereby-bringing the female die into an extruding position. I

7 In an extrusion press, a reciprocatin member, a crank mechanism for moving said member throughout a whole stroke, a punch and a mandrel secured on said reciprocatin member, a cam secured on the crank sha of said crank mechanism, a follower acted upon by said cam, a female die carrier adapted to be slid in substantially the same axis as the first-named reciprocating member but in a direction opposite to that of said first reciprocating member, and means for transmittin the movement of said follower to saide male die carrier to bringthe latter into a piercing and extruding position. I

8. In an extrusion press, a reciprocatln member, a crank mechanism for moving em member throughout a whole stroke, a hollow punch, a piercing mandrel secured on said member and guided insaid hollow punch, a secondary reciprocating member mounted slidably with respect to the firstnamed reciprocating member and guided in the press frame, said secondary member be.- ing adapted to be slid in substantially the same axis as the first-named member, said punch being secured on said secondary re-- ciprocating member, means to hold both rev ciprocating members in their most remote relative position to eachother during a part of the stroke to effect a pressure on-the billet b the punch when the latter touches on the illet' and to permit the punch to be pushed back by the rising material while the billet is being pierced, a cam secured on the crank shaft, a follower acted upon by said cam, a female die carrier adapted to be slid in substantially the same 81188.5 the'firstnamed reci rocating member but in a direction opposite to that of said first recipro-' Y eating member and means for transmitting the movement of said follower to saidfe male diecarrier-to bring the latter a.

piercing and extruding position. 9. In an extrusion container and die being mounted on said reciprocating member, a crank shaft, a crank. mechanism for operating said reciprocatmg io'c' ress, a reciprocating member, a blllet contalner, a female dle, sai

named reciprocating member but in a direcondreciprocating member whereby the male die is brought into an extruding position.

10. In an extrusion press, a reciprocating member, a billet container and a femal die tion opposite to that 'of said first reciprocatboth mounted on said reciprocating memmember throughout a whole stroke, a secber, a crank mechanism for operating said rec1procating member throughout 5a whole stro e, a compound reciprocating member adapted to be slid in the same axis as the first-named reciprocating member but in a direction opposlte-to that of said first reciprocating member, a punch and a mandrel I secured on said compound reciprocating member, a cam mounted in operation connection with the above crank mechanism, a follower for the cam, and means connectmg said follower and compound reciprocating member whereby the male die is brought into the extruding and piercing position.

11. In an extrusion press, a frame, a crank shaft, a reciprocating member, a billet container and a female die both mounted on 'said' reciprocating member, a crank mechanism for operating said reciprocating ond reciprocating member adapted to he slid inthe same axis-as the first-named reciprocating memberbut in adirection opposite to that of said first reciprocating member, a piercing mandrel secured on said second reciprocatln member, a hollow unch, said mandre being guided in said ollow punch, a third reciprocating member mounted to slide with respect to said second reciprocating member, and slidable in said frame, said punch beingsecured on said third reciprocating member, said third member being adapted to be slid within certain limits in substantially the same axis as said second member towards and away therefrom, means to hold both reciprocating members in their most remote relative position during a art of the stroke to efiect a pressure on a illet by the punch when the 1 atter touches on the billetand to permit thejpunch to be pushed back by the rising material while the billet is being pierced, a cam mounted on the crank shaft and a follinkage for moving the die adapted to revent transmission of load on the die bac to the means for reciprocating the die when said die is in an extreme position. I

15. An extrusion ress comprising a reciprocating die, a reciprocating formlng tool cooperating with the die, means for recilprec1procating the die, means for reciprocating the mandrel and punch, and a toggle linkage for moving the die ada ted to prevent transmission of load on t e die back to the means for reciprocating the die when said die is in an extreme position, the motion of said punch being part of the time the same as said. die.

In'testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification this 9th day of August, 1930. I FRITZ SINGER.

lower for the cam for bringing the male 'die into an extruding position.

12. An extrusion press comprising two members mounted for opposed movement, a

male 'diesecured on one ,of said members, a

female die mounted on the other member,

14. An extrusion press comprising a reciprocable billet container and die, rocable mandrel, a punch reci rocable with respect to-said mandrel and 1e, means for reciprocating the die, means for reciprocatmg the mandrel and punch, and a toggle and mechanical driving means adapted to extrusion press comprising two 125 arecipiio 

